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 The Atomic Structure section of the AQA Physics specification provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts of atomic theory and the nature of matter. Students explore the structure of the atom, including the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons, as well as the concept of isotopes and their applications. The section also covers atomic models, such as the Bohr model, and explains how energy levels relate to electron transitions and the emission or absorption of electromagnetic radiation. Additionally, it delves into nuclear physics, discussing radioactivity, types of radiation (alpha, beta, and gamma), half-life, and the principles of radioactive decay. This section emphasizes the real-world applications of atomic structure, including nuclear energy, medical imaging, and the implications of radiation in both technology and health, providing students with a foundational understanding of how atomic interactions govern both the physical and chemical properties of matter. 

 The Waves section in the AQA Physics specification covers the properties and behaviors of waves, including both transverse and longitudinal types. Students learn about key wave characteristics such as amplitude, frequency, wavelength, and speed, alongside the wave equation for calculating these properties. The section explores how waves interact with materials through processes like reflection, refraction, and diffraction, as well as the principles behind interference patterns. It also covers the electromagnetic spectrum, detailing uses for various wave types, and examines sound waves, including how they travel and their applications in technologies like ultrasound. Practical experiments, such as measuring wave speeds and observing wave behavior in different media, reinforce these concepts, blending theoretical understanding with hands-on skills.