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Biology specifications on Infection & Response covers the mechanisms of infectious disease, the pathogens that cause them, and how the body defends itself. It explores different types of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists, and how they spread and cause harm. The body’s defense mechanisms, such as the immune response, the role of white blood cells, and the production of antibodies, are also covered. This section includes methods of disease prevention and treatment, such as vaccination, antibiotics, and other medicines. Additionally, students learn about drug discovery, testing, and the importance of addressing antibiotic resistance, providing a broad understanding of how we combat infections and improve health outcomes. 

Biology specifications on Cell Biology covers the fundamental unit of life, examining the structure and function of different cell types, including animal, plant, and bacterial cells. It explores cell specialisation and the adaptations that enable cells to perform specific functions. Key processes such as cell division through mitosis and the importance of stem cells in growth and repair are included. Students learn about cell transport mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, and active transport, and how these processes allow substances to move in and out of cells. The section also covers microscopy techniques for studying cells, including calculating magnification and understanding the scale of cells, to provide a comprehensive understanding of cellular structure and function. 

Biology specifications on Biological Organisation covers the levels of organization within living organisms, from cells to tissues, organs, and organ systems, and explores how these structures work together to support life. Key topics include cell structure and specialization, such as the differences between plant and animal cells, and how specialized cells form tissues with specific functions. The section examines the major organ systems, like the digestive, circulatory, and respiratory systems, and their roles in maintaining organism health. Students learn about enzymes and their importance in biological reactions, as well as factors affecting enzyme activity. Additionally, transport mechanisms, such as diffusion, osmosis, and active transport, are covered to show how substances move within and between cells, supporting organism function.

 The AQA Bioenergetics section covers how organisms obtain and use energy for life processes. It includes photosynthesis, exploring how plants convert light energy into glucose, the factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, and the uses of glucose. It also examines respiration, comparing aerobic and anaerobic respiration, their equations, and how they release energy for cells. Additionally, it looks at the body's response to exercise, including changes in heart rate, breathing rate, and oxygen debt. Finally, it covers metabolism, explaining how energy from respiration is used in various chemical reactions, such as making new molecules or breaking down substances.