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Photosynthesis Exam Content
What's included
The Photosynthesis section of Biology specifications covers the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. It includes the structure of chloroplasts, the light-dependent and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle), and the role of ATP and NADPH. Students learn about limiting factors such as light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature, as well as adaptations of plants for efficient photosynthesis. The section also explores the importance of photosynthesis in ecosystems and its role in the carbon cycle.
Hormonal Control Exam Content
What's included
The Hormonal Control section of Biology specifications covers how hormones regulate physiological processes in the body. It includes the endocrine system, the role of glands such as the pancreas and adrenal glands, and how hormones like insulin and adrenaline maintain homeostasis. The section also explores negative feedback mechanisms, differences between hormonal and nervous control, and specific examples like the regulation of blood glucose levels. Additionally, it covers the role of plant hormones such as auxins in growth and responses to environmental stimuli.
Nervous System Exam Content
What's included
The Nervous System section of Biology specifications covers how the body detects and responds to stimuli. It includes the structure and function of neurons, the transmission of electrical impulses, and the role of synapses in signal transmission. The section also explores the differences between voluntary and reflex actions, the structure and function of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), and how coordination between the nervous and endocrine systems helps maintain homeostasis. Additionally, it examines the role of receptors and effectors in responding to changes in the environment.
