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Biology specifications on Evolution and Inheritance covers key concepts of genetic material, including DNA, genes, and chromosomes, and examines both asexual and sexual reproduction. It explores genetic inheritance through genetic crosses and Punnett squares, understanding dominant and recessive traits, and examines inherited disorders, variation, and mutations. The section also includes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, speciation, and the process of selective breeding and genetic engineering, along with associated ethical considerations. Students study evidence for evolution through the fossil record, factors leading to extinction, and evolutionary relationships, helping them understand how traits are passed on and species adapt and evolve over time. 

Biology specifications on Ecology covers the interactions between organisms and their environment, including key concepts like ecosystems, food chains, and food webs. It examines the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers in ecosystems, and how energy is transferred through trophic levels. The section addresses biodiversity, factors affecting it, and the importance of maintaining biodiversity for ecosystem stability. Human impacts on ecosystems, such as pollution, deforestation, and climate change, are studied, along with sustainable practices to reduce environmental harm. Additionally, adaptations in plants and animals for survival, as well as methods of sampling and field investigations to study populations, are covered to give students a comprehensive understanding of ecological principles. 

Biology specifications on Homeostasis covers how the body maintains stable internal conditions to ensure optimal function, including the regulation of temperature, blood glucose, and water levels. It explores the nervous and endocrine systems, focusing on their roles in detecting and responding to changes in the environment. Key processes such as reflex actions, hormonal coordination, and the roles of glands like the pancreas and pituitary are examined. The section also covers kidney function in regulating water and waste, alongside the role of negative feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis. Students learn about the importance of homeostasis for health, how these processes interact, and the implications of imbalances on the body.